Pest Brazil

BRAZIL PEST Political condition †¢Greed and Corruption †¢Increase in government consumptions †¢Political security and accentuation on reliable financial arrangements and development †¢Position of universal impact and force (BRIC) †¢Many natural limitations and guidelines (Protection of Amazon) †¢Going into business: High administration, absence of straightforwardness of rules and moderate lawful methodology (are obstacles to survive and make brazil a troublesome nation to work together in) †¢The tremendous open doors for remote organizations in Brazil's developing economy must be weighed facing the nation's generally high expenses and work costs/work rules are liberal to laborers †¢Foreign trade rules are in favor for speculators outside the nation however with certain limitations by specific states (uninhibitedly permit profits and funding to be repatriated to financial specialists outside the nation, yet a few limitations are forced by specif ic states/contrasts in chance between its 27 states) Economic condition †¢The world’s 6th biggest economy (GDP: $2. 089) †¢Poor GDP development of 3. % in 2011,(was high in 2010 yet dicreased because of measures to diminish swelling) the economy is relied upon to develop emphatically. †¢inflation 5% †¢expanding its essence in world markets. ($256 billion (2011 est. ) †24th common) †¢ high loan costs make it an appealing goal for remote speculators. clarify †¢Imports: $226,2 billion (2011 est. ) †23rd world †cost to import/per container:1. 730 †¢large and very much created agrarian, mining, assembling, and administration areas, †¢capital inflows in the course of recent years have added to the energy about the cash, harming the seriousness of Brazilian assembling and driving the administer (trade rates: 1,6728 (2011 est. †2(2009) †¢Stock of direct outside speculation †abroad: ? 171,7 (2011 est. ) †¢forei gn direct venture unflows:31 †¢still has a moderately high obligation trouble †¢Several Brazilian organizations positioning of the world’s biggest organizations. †¢unemployment (6,7%) †high rate o work creation †¢South America's driving financial force and a provincial head, one of the first in the region to start a monetary recuperation. †¢Brazil figured out how to go from a net shipper of food to one of the world’s driving exporters of rural items. †¢ease of working together (positioned 124th) †debasement significant business requirement (67% of administrators accept that) Socio †social condition world’s fifth biggest nation by both populace and all out zone. (Enormous and developing populace (191mn in 2010, 1,5% developing, fifth on the planet) ) †¢Large % of youth populace (51,3% of populace is under 30 †¢Urban populace: 84,3% †¢increase in expectations for everyday comforts. From 1980 to 2010, Braz il’s Human Development Index (HDI) expanded by 30. 8 percent from 0. 549 to 0. 718. yet, terrible gini file †¢Poverty/imbalance (21,4% of populace is beneath neediness line + Gini index:56. 99, equity of conveyance of pay 0-100 †¢Consumer use for every capita is low ($6. 619,8) †¢ Consumers quickly receiving ways of managing money that are increasingly normal for buyers in created countries.According to Credit Suisse Research’s Emerging Consumer Survey 2011, Brazilians’ dedicate an impressively bigger portion of pay to optional spending than purchasers in other BRIC nations. †¢Brazilian respondents detailed sparing a moderately unassuming 10 percent, and the greater part (52 percent) couldn't save any pay for reserve funds. (high swelling †unsure condition) †¢favelas or shanty towns remain in striking vicinity and sharp difference to the city’s upscale environs and dazzling beautiful scenery. Luckily, some have wanted to help the inhabitants of Brazil’s favelas. The predicament of Brazil’s huge populace of urban poor has offered ascend to various creative social projects. expanding number of shoppers accomplishing white collar class status (in excess of 32 million the past 7years) while another 20 million have gotten away from a condition of destitution. (arrive at a low-pay advertise fragment of new purchaser) †¢Sharing fringes with 10 neighbors in Latin America †¢troubled and contentious social circumstance †¢ illicit opiates dealing/outskirt questions Urugua-Brazil outskirt †first nation of number of murders by youth: 20. 386 †¢education level low 9average training 14 years of age) †instruction burning through: 4,2%of GDP Technological condition †¢Energy autonomous/wealthy in regular recourses †¢Strengths in horticultural exploration, know-how and innovation. (A significant part of the credit goes to Embrapa, Brazil’s profoundly practiced, open horticultural examination association. †¢Initiatives on R( that advance South-South participation in a few fields, including science and examination joint effort in fields, for example, nanotechnology, oceanography and Antarctic exploration. ) †¢Many transportation courses and frameworks ( ports (atlantic sea) ) †¢Transportation note : the International Maritime Bureau reports that the regional and seaward waters in the Atlantic Ocean stay a critical hazard for theft and furnished burglary against ships; 2010 saw a 80% expansion in assaults more than 2009; various business vessels were assaulted and commandeered both at grapple and keeping in mind that in progress; teams were burglarized and stores or cargoes taken †¢Growing Infrastructure programs because of world cup/olympics (government’s Growth Acceleration Program has siphoned $250 billion into foundation ventures. †¢Recent disclosure of tremendous seaward oil stores close to Rio de Janeiro will additionally advance future development, changing Brazil into one of the world’s greatest oil makers †¢creativity and pizazz for structure and development that are imbued in the Brazilian national character and improved by the country’s recently discovered monetary wellness, telecoms ability and enterprising vitality. Information SOURCES †¢Euromonitor: https://www. entryway. euromonitor. com †¢IMF site: http://www. imf. organization/outside/nation/BRA/file. htm †¢CIA site: https://www. cia. gov/library/distributions/the-world-factbook/geos/br. html †¢UNCTAD: http://unctadstat. unctad. organization †¢World Bank World Development Indicators: http://information. worldbank. organization/information inventory/world-advancement markers. †¢United Nations Development Programs: http://www. undp. organization/content/undp/en/home. html †¢CEBR site: http://www. cebr. com/†¢Forbes magazine site: http://www. forbescustom. com/file. html †¢CNN Money site: http://cash. cnn. com/

W. H. Auden’s Mus

Moreover, the differentiation In words utilized inside the sonnet (â€Å"Innocent behind†) are utilized to Juxtapose how W. H. Aden has put the Idea of Europe for all intents and purposes Ignoring the Holocaust with the Cirrus fiasco †which is utilized to outline Addend's suppositions and perspectives on what was going on during the asses in Second World War Britain. ‘Musse des Beaux Arts' incorporates varieties of language gadgets. The utilization of sibilance in the sonnet, â€Å"disappearing†¦ Passionately†¦ Sun shone†, features the differentiation of the temperament In Addend's prose.This clarifies that the tone of the sonnet vanes all through. For Instance, the primary refrain opens with a drabber opening (â€Å"About suffering†) yet finishes with the juxtaposition â€Å"innocent behind†. This shows the dissimilarities in the state of mind all through the sonnet. Aden will in general use fronting to express what is on his mind fas ter. â€Å"About enduring they were rarely off-base, The Old Masters; how well they understood†. This sentence includes an impact by being grounded †It has intentionally been returned to-front. It gets the topic of the sonnet across rapidly and gives us judgment on the key themes.Therefore, it reports the subject of the sonnet. In any case, one could contend that the topic of the sonnet isn't about war. On the other hand, one can perceive how the sonnet Is about religion and Jesus †consequently the reference to misery. The notice of â€Å"martyrdom† joins with how Jesus was accepted to have kicked the bucket Tort our wily. The structure of the sonnet is sporadic. The primary refrain is significantly longer than the subsequent verse. This is on the grounds that Aden needs to express his case before he specifies what the sonnet is about. â€Å"On a lake at the edge of the wood: they never forgot†.The SE of enjambment on the sentence features the continua tion of the sonnet. Aden is Just setting up his speculation and utilizations both enjambment and end halting to invoke utilizing the second refrain as a snappier, punchier verse. All in all, Addend's ‘Musse des Beaux Arts' recognizes numerous topics and utilizations verifiable setting to sum up his own view on Nazi Germany during the hour of the sonnet's organization. By utilizing language and auxiliary gadgets in a sporadic manner, he can feature the complexity in tone and symbolism all through the content.

Team Building 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Group Building 5 - Essay Example The groups ought to be able to choose the disadvantages of every part and the spot that they are turning out badly in this way prompting defective creation. After the recognizable proof of the issues a rundown of proposals ought to be attracted up so as to address the equivalent. The suggestions along these lines recorded ought to be examined with the whole group. Conceptualizing thoughts help build up those further and distinguish the disadvantages, assuming any. The colleagues can likewise be traded to shape new gatherings with the end goal that the working connection between them can be created and a superior coordination can be accomplished. The aftereffects of the recently shaped gathering are contrasted and the past ones to organize the outcomes and draw examination between the two. Such correlations help in the improvement of the groups over the long haul. The disadvantages hence distinguished will help both the groups in future to facilitate the work and accomplish better out comes (West, 2012). 2. Plan E is a blended team that has individuals from both the groups cooperating to create answers for interface issue. It is done with the end goal that a commonly gainful end could be reached. It is a conventional strategy for group assembling and is utilized so the issues in the creation procedure can be illuminated by the groups absent a lot of trouble (Dyer, Dyer and Dyer, 2007).This technique encourages least inclusion of all the colleagues yet accomplishes to tackle the between group issues and permits simple usage of arrangements. Tasks in which the opposition between the groups are high to the point that it obliterates the serious condition of the work environment, at that point such a strategy for group building is the best way. Anyway Design E permits the colleagues to list the zones of concern one has against a kindred specialist. The rundown is then examined so every part knows the territories that he should chip away at. This technique therefore increments

Pharmacy is a health profession

Drug store is a wellbeing calling Section 1 The word is gotten from the Greek word pharmakon significance medication or medication and has been utilized since the fifteenth and seventeenth hundreds of years 1. Drug store is a wellbeing calling that joins the wellbeing sciences with the synthetic sciences. It guarantees the sheltered and compelling utilization of pharmaceutical medications. Drug store practice incorporates present day benefits that are identified with medicinal services: clinical administrations, giving medication data and auditing prescriptions for security and viability purposes 1. 1.1.1 The different controls of Pharmacy Drug store can be separated into three significant controls: a) Pharmaceutics b) Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy c) Pharmacy Practice Pharmacology is frequently viewed as a fourth order yet isn't explicit to drug store, despite the fact that it is basic. The limits between the various orders and different sciences like natural chemistry are not satisfactory cut. Subsequently, look into work from the different controls is frequently done simultaneously 2. 1 The Hormone Shop LLC. The History of Pharmaceutical Compunding. [home page on the Internet]. 2010 [cited 2010 Oct 10]. Accessible from: http://www.thehormoneshop.com/historyofcompoundingpharmacy.htm 2 Dayanada Sagar College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India. History of Pharmacy. [home page on the Internet]. 2008 [cited 2010 Oct 10]. Accessible from: http://www.dscpharmacy.org/pharmacy.php 1.1.2 The Pharmacist and Community Pharmacy Drug specialists are talented and profoundly prepared social insurance experts who guarantee ideal wellbeing results for their patients. In the network drug store, the drug specialist has different jobs and these incorporate among others (Azzopardi, 2010): a) the acquisition of drugs that are reasonable for human utilization b) guaranteeing the fitting conditions for the capacity of medications c) guaranteeing the fitting and safe removal of terminated prescriptions d) administering of drugs that are either on a solution, or drug specialist suggested or requested straightforwardly by the patient e) purpose of-care testing f) offering general clinical exhortation without the need of an earlier arrangement. The act of network drug store changes between nations. In any case, the fundamental capacities and obligations are the equivalent. A people group drug specialist assembles a unique relationship with the customers, particularly the standard ones. Thus, relational abilities are vital. The drug specialist discovers him/herself soothing and hearing out the patient when important, and is relied upon to be understanding and furthermore a decent audience. 1.2 History of Pharmacy The primary drug stores, pharmacists as they were once in the past known, were established in the Middle Ages in Baghdad. The first was established in the year 754 AD by Muslim drug specialists during the Islamic Golden Age 2. During the eleventh century, network drug stores were built up in southern France and southern Italy. In 1240, Emperor Frederick II gave a pronouncement the clinical calling was to be isolated from the drug store calling. Drug store practice was to be managed with the goal that medications of a reasonable quality would be arranged and created (Azzopardi, 2010). The historical backdrop of drug store can be arranged into three phases: an) intensifying and apportioning b) clinical drug store c) pharmaceutical consideration. Initially, the drug specialists needed to get ready and apportion prescriptions so they needed to exceed expectations at intensifying. The people group drug specialist was in this way profoundly regarded in light of the fact that the arrangement of prescriptions was significantly esteemed in the public eye. Truth be told, around then, the drug specialists and different experts, for example, legal counselors, clinical specialists and area clerics were the pioneers in the network. As time passed, newfound medications turned out to be increasingly perilous and powerful so they began being set up by assembling organizations. The drug specialists job was distinctly to apportion these medications (Al-Shaqha, Zairi, 2001). 2 Dayanada Sagar College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India. History of Pharmacy. [home page on the Internet]. 2008 [cited 2010 Oct 10]. Accessible from: http://www.dscpharmacy.org/pharmacy.php Drug specialists moved to clinical practice around 25 years back. The first idea of clinical drug store administrations depended on the way that drug specialists should utilize their expert information to guarantee the fitting and safe utilization of medications in patients. Accordingly, a few drug specialists these days work in medical clinics, nursing homes and some mobile centers. Issues stayed inside the medication use-framework in spite of the advances made in clinical drug store and archiving and perceiving these issues has prompted the idea of pharmaceutical consideration turning into the new reason for drug store practice (Al-Shaqha, Zairi, 2001). 1.2.1 History of drug store in Malta 1.2.1.1 History of drug store in Malta from the late fifteenth century until the appearance of the Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in 1530 Prior to 1500, the drug specialists in Malta were practically all Sicilian. In the mid fifteenth century, drug specialists were utilized either by the Universita or by the Hospital of Santo Spirito. Mastru Salvatore Passa is the principal recorded drug specialist in Malta who rehearsed in Mdina and the Hospital of Santo Spirito in Rabat from 1450 to 1475. The drugs endorsed in those days were principally home grown. During this period, Passa regularly made a trip to Sicily because of his work, apparently to import restorative herbs the same number of herbs didn't frame some portion of the neighborhood verdure (Borg, 1998). 1.2.1.2 Pharmacy under the Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem The Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem showed up in Malta on the 26th October, 1530 and they applied their insight into drug store to the training in Malta. A Holy Infirmary in Birgu was manufactured and the Greek drug specialist, Giacomo Gualterio, who had went with the Order to Malta was the pharmacist (Borg, 1998). Fabulous Master Nicholas Cottoner set up the School of Anatomy and Surgery at the Holy Infirmary in 1676. It is entirely plausible that a Pharmacy course was built up in the school (Borg, 1998). Under the Knights, the act of drug store in Malta changed progressively, however consistently, happening along these lines to that in Europe. Be that as it may, spontaneous arrangements continued as before from the hours of Mastru Salvatore Passa in light of the fact that the growth of the pharmaceutical business despite everything needed to happen (Borg, 1998). 1.2.1.3 Pharmacy under the French and British settlements The French showed up in Malta in 1798. There were close to 32 drug stores under their territory, every one having a normal demographic of 3,000 patients. No progressions were made to the laws administering the act of drug store under the French. Consequently, the day by day exercises of the drug specialists were indistinguishable from those of under the Knights. The laws built up by the Knights of the Order of St. John stayed in power until 1900. In their stay in Malta, which went on for around one hundred years, the British left their blemish on the drug store calling. The utilization of the English language, the names of drug stores relating to Britain or England and the counseling room in the drug store are for the most part such models (Borg, 1998). 1.2.1.4 Pharmacy in the twentieth century The Medical and Kindred Professions Ordinance of the Laws of Malta, administers drug store laws. This was sanctioned in 1900 as the laws overseeing the calling around then had become obsolete and required rebuilding. An enactment that permitted drug specialists to apportion certain medicaments without a remedy was sanctioned in October 1955 and on the twelfth October 1955, a rundown of these substances was distributed in the Malta Government Gazette (Borg, 1998). The Malta Chamber of Pharmacists was established in 1900 so as to secure the basic interests of the drug specialists and furthermore to keep up the callings poise. Subsequently, the callings gauges were raised by empowering the calling to stay up to date with the progressions that were happening universally (Borg, 1998). In April 1961, an Extraordinary General Meeting was held by the Chamber to talk about the issue of shaping a Trade Union that would speak to drug specialists; every one of the 33 drug specialists present concurred this was fundamental. One of the Unions destinations, among others, was to improve the conditions under which the calling was practiced and to advance the interests of drug specialists. The Pharmacy Board was set up in 1968 and this was the best accomplishment of the Chamber and Union. The Union worked intimately with the Chamber and in 1979 they shaped one affiliation, for example the Chamber of Pharmacists Trade Union. This affiliation buckled down and it influenced the present condition of the calling and furthermore the enactment administering the act of drug store (Borg, 1998). In 1984, after a few gatherings with the Chamber, it was at long last concluded that new drug stores should be claimed by drug specialists and that before giving new allows, the populace proportion must be thought about (Borg, 1998). Patients could get their free meds from the Central Hospital Dispensary and Government Dispensaries all through the initial fifty years of the twentieth century. The last could be found in many towns around Malta. In 1954, the Central Hospital at Floriana was transformed into the Headquarters of The Malta Police Force as by the late 1940s, St. Lukes Hospital became Maltas General Hospital. Thus, the Out-Patient Dispensary of St. Lukes Hospital turned into the Central Government Dispensary (Borg, 1998). Pharmamed, the primary nearby pharmaceutical endeavor, was established in 1974. This offered ascend to a few openings for work in the mechanical field, other than upgrading Maltas picture abroad. In 1995, because of solid and steady dealings and portrayals by the Maltese Chamber of Pharmacists, there was the arrangement of the main chief of the Government Pharmaceutical Services (GPS). This was a piece of the change of the GPS and the vocation movement of drug specialists in Government administration. It was closed in 1998 in concurrence with the Ministry of Health on the full execution of t

Euthanasia and Living Wills :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Killing and Living Wills         Imagine somebody you love...better yet, envision yourself lying in a clinic bed neglectful of your general surroundings, incapable to move or give any indications of life,  your own reality constrained by an I.V., a respiratory machine, and a taking care of tube.  fundamentally you are dead.  Your body is not, at this point ready to continue life, its whole object is currently supplanted by a machine - you are being kept alive by fake means.  At this point the inquiry emerges - should you be kept alive by these methods or would it be advisable for you to be permitted to bite the dust a characteristic demise? Sadly you can't address this inquiry on the grounds that your voice is restricted to a blare on a heart screen machine.  Who at that point will choose if you live misleadingly incredible; Who gets the opportunity to play God?  Well, if your family doesn't have your composed assent as a living will, to stop life support, at that point the specialist will settle on a definitive choice for both you and your family.         Most frequently this is the case.  Even however composing a living will is simply as simple if not simpler than composing a passing will, numerous individuals don't take the time to do so.  Therefore, specialists need to discuss the subject of willful extermination - a question that every single one of us ought to contemplate some time before we are placed in this circumstance.         What is euthanasia?  Euthanasia isn't kindness killing.  It has completely nothing to do with killing.  despite what might be expected, willful extermination by definition essentially signifies great demise and in the applied sense it alludes to the patients own characteristic passing without dragging out their perishing procedure unduly.  What this endeavors to achieve is to permit an individual to pass on with harmony and dignity.  In most cases life-emotionally supportive networks just drag out the terminal enduring of a persistent by a couple of more weeks or months,  they don't do anything to restore a patient to a typical working human being.  With most critically ill patients life support doesn't mean dragging out life - it implies drawing out misery, for both the understanding and their family.         Although there are no resolutions sanctioning killing in the U.S. numerous specialists end a terminal patients life by directing a deadly portion of a medication that they were formerly directing.

Why Watching TV Re-Runs Helps Ease Stress

Why Watching TV Re-Runs Helps Ease Stress Stress Management Management Techniques Print Why Watching TV Re-Runs Helps Ease Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on August 04, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Frank van Delft / Cultura / Getty Images When youre feeling stressed, you probably know that something like exercise or meditation will relieve your stress in the short run and build resilience in the long run, but sometimes you might find yourself more likely to climb into be and watch a re-run of a favorite show, then emerge from your cocoon with more energy and patience. If you enjoy doing this (or if youre completely perplexed why anyone would enjoy this), we have some interesting news for you. It turns out that  research sheds some light on why people are drawn to this type of stress relief, and it makes sense. Apparently, its all about replenishing our energy reserves with a little low-stress, soothing social time. What the Research Says Two studies published in the journal  Social Psychological and Personality Science  analyzed the relationship between television habits and task completion, and the results suggest an explanation as to why this practice works for me. In the first study, researcher Jayne Derrick, Ph.D. examines two groups of subjects. One group who is completing a difficult, structured task, and a second group who is completing a neutral task. The groups were then divided into two again, with one group describing their favorite television show and the other group listing items in the room (another neutral task). Those who wrote about their favorite show (rather than listing items in their room) wrote for longer if they had done the structured task than if they had done the less-structured task. What this means, Derrick says, is that these participants were seeking out their favorite TV shows and they wanted to spend more time thinking about them. Derrick also asserts that  writing about their favorite television show restored their energy levels and allowed them to perform better on the difficult puzzles they were asked to complete. In the second study, participants kept a daily log in which they reported on their daily tasks requiring effort, their media consumption, and their energy levels each day.  If they had to do energy-consuming tasks, they were more likely to seek out a re-run of their favorite television show, to re-watch a favorite movie, or to re-read a favorite book. Doing so, then restored their energy levels. In other words, there was a measurable restorative effect from a familiar fictional world, Derrick asserts via a press release. Key Findings A key finding here is that people found that watching a re-run of a favorite show restored their energy levels, allowing them to do more afterward. Another important point to note is that it was re-runs, not merely interesting viewing, that tended to make a difference. The restorative effect I found is specific to re-watching favorite television shows (or re-watching favorite movies or re-reading favorite books), Derrick says. Just watching whatever is on television does not provide the same benefit. And perhaps surprisingly, watching a new episode of a favorite television show for the first time does not provide the same benefit. She says that there is something about the social surrogacy of watching favorite characters, and there is a relaxing element to already knowing what will happen. In this way, re-watching a favorite television show can provide a less stressful encounter than real-life social encounters that may include conflict or other unknown potential energy drains. Although there are positive outcomes to social interaction such as a sense of feeling of being energized, says Derrick, human exchanges can also produce a sense of rejection, exclusion, and ostracism, which may diminish willpower. Ongoing Debate About Television These findings add to the ongoing  debate over whether television is a stress reliever, cause of stress, or neutral activity, and provides us with some guidelines for how television may be used as a stress reliever for the right circumstances and goals, without becoming an overall time drain. It also explains why many of us sometimes prefer a favorite old movie or t.v. re-run to the latest episodes or blockbusters. Based on my research, I would argue that watching television is not all bad. While there is a great deal of research demonstrating that violent television can increase aggression, and watching television may be contributing to the growing obesity epidemic, watching a favorite television show can provide a variety of benefits, which may enhance overall wellbeing, she says. She also has other findings from her research. I have found, for example, that favorite television shows can actually increase peoples pro-social behavior. Specifically, after thinking about a favorite television show, people are more willing to forgive others, are more willing to help a stranger and are more willing to sacrifice for their romantic partner, she says. Closing Thoughts So sometimes when we feel drained from  too much stress  or a  lifestyle that is too busy, we just need to baby ourselves and allow ourselves those simple pleasures like t.v. re-runs. Are there more effective stress relievers out there? Sure.  (Exercise and meditation both come to mind, as they build resilience and enhance overall health.)  However, if you find yourself shying away from stress relievers that require a greater level of effort or practice, its entirely okay to indulge in simple pleasures like these, especially if used in moderation.

How to Choose Between the SAT and ACT

Differences Between the SAT and ACT We are often asked the question: â€Å"Is the ACT really an acceptable alternative to the SAT for all colleges?† The ACT has traditionally been the lesser-known college entrance exam, especially in the Northeast (see a New York Times map detailing the popularity here). However, ACT scores are now accepted by all universities and colleges that request test scores from students. In fact, last year was the first year that more students nationally took the ACT than the SAT. Philadelphia-area students now have the opportunity to choose which test will best showcase their knowledge and skill set. However the tests are different. Click here to read some of the notable differences between the tests. Below we describe the notable differences between the SAT and ACT, and offer some insight into our process for recommending which test format would be most beneficial. Differences Between the SAT and ACT 1. Reasoning and Achievement: The SAT focuses on reasoning. The ACT is more achievement-based, testing knowledge acquired in school subjects. 2. Science: Only the ACT includes a section on science. This section doesn’t require subject-area expertise, but will test whether the student understands the concepts of creating a hypothesis, deciphering charts, analyzing sets of data, constructing a conclusion, etc. 3. Essay: An essay is required on the SAT, presented at the beginning of the test. The ACT essay is optional and is presented at the end of the test. 4. Math: The SAT math sections are more reasoning oriented and present questions that, while requiring math topics learned in class, require a different type of thinking than that used in math class. ACT math questions may look similar to problems your student has faced in class.The ACT also features some higher-level math, including some Algebra 2 and Trigonometry concepts that are not on the SAT. 5. Timing: The ACT places more of a premium on answering quickly, with less time per question. To see a chart detailing the differences between the SAT and ACT, click here. Choosing Between the ACT and SAT A+ doesn’t recommend simultaneously preparing for both tests, as each has its own format and test-taking strategies. Focusing on one test format allows our tutors to maximize their time in helping each student improve his final ACT or SAT score. We strongly recommend that our students take a practice ACT so we can compare their ACT scores with scores they have received on either a PSAT or SAT in order to help them decide which test to prepare for. If you haven't already taken a practice ACT, and you live in the Philadelphia area, A+ will provide you with a free practice test to take at home, or you can attend one of our free proctored ACT or SAT exams offered throughout the year in Wynnewood, North Wales, and Wrightstown, PA. Do you need help deciding which test, ACT or SAT, is a better choice for your student? Call A+ today at 215.886.9188 to find out how we can help!

Violence in The Media Societys Regression to a Barbaric...

Violence in The Media: Societies Regression to a Barbaric State Violent behavior is something that is innate to the human brain. It has been an instinct of humans since the beginning of our creation or our evolution from a primal state in order to primarily survive and maintain our supremacy atop the hierarchy of all living organisms. We are naturally violent creatures, and this natural tendency for us to exhibit violent behavior isn’t helped by the extreme lack of shelter from and glorification of violent actions through mainstream or alternative news outlets as well as depictions of such actions through other forms of media such as: movies, entertainment television, cartoons, and video games. According to the professing of multiple studies the violence in today’s massive multimedia culture is to be blamed for much of the violence of which we witness on a daily basis within our country. The professing of these studies is reflective of the drastic increase in societal violence in the United States during 1965. A year that marke d the first time a generation raised on television would come of the average age of committing violent crimes. (Bushman, 2001, Media Violence and the American Public, pg. 478) These copious amounts of violence that are depicted in our cultures mass media outlets have negative effects on both adults and children. While we exercise our naturally violent minds through seeing and hearing such acts of violence on a daily basis, not only do weShow MoreRelatedCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 PagesCandle-This book created a moral panic in society. Video Notes: The Burning Times After the roman times, women’s continued traditions of the old religion and were leaders, counsellors, visionaries and healers (a.k.a. wise women). The Christian Church and state branded them witches and condemned them as worshippers of the Devil. Idea of witches date back to the Renaissance and the period in history known as the witch craze. Taught to fear the witches but still drawn to their powers (Conical=knowledge, cauldron=origins

William Shakespeare s Macbeth And Othello - 1984 Words

Explore the ways in which characters emotions are manipulated in Macbeth and Othello The way that Shakespeare implements manipulation into Othello and Macbeth leads to significant emotional change in the majority of characters in both plays. This leads to protagonists’ eventual downfall in many cases, due to the language and imagery that Shakespeare creates in the tragedies. The schemists tend to exploit weaknesses in the victims, such as ambitions. This can be witnessed by the audience at a very early stage in both productions. In these two well-known pieces of work, it is not the main characters that resort to manipulating but it is often the â€Å"secondary† ones. This ultimately leads to the minor characters becoming much more involved in the production. An example of this is Iago in Othello. he is a lower rank than Othello but ends up being the predominant villain in the play. This also occurs in Macbeth as the witches, who have very little lines, affect the whole outcome of the play due to the language that they use for digging into Macbeths mind. Both plays use the idea of imagery for enhancing characters’ manipulation to achieve their goal. The imagery used by Shakespeare comes in a diversity of forms to knock on the mind of different characters. The first example of this is used in Othello when Iago manipulates Brabantio into thinking his daughter is married to a villain. â€Å"An old black ram is tupping your white ewe!† is one of the most powerful statements in the play.Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And Othello1417 Words   |  6 PagesHello, I’m William Shakespeare, the famous and historically known playwright of plays such as Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello and Macbeth. Today I will be talking to you all about two of my plays, Othello and Macbeth. I will also be talking to you all about the social, political and historical themes in my plays and my intent for writing them. I wrote Macbeth and Othello during the reign of King James the 1st of England. Events that were occurring during that time period and the feeling of theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And Othello 2034 Words   |  9 Pages A clear view of the relationships established in Macbeth and Othello can be seen through the inferior partner s views on the other person in the relationship, and also their balance of power. Lady Macbeth rarely addresses Macbeth with his real name, but instead with titles such as Great Glamis! and Worthy Cawdor - referring to his positions. However Iago refers to Othello with titles such as The Moorship, which is a play on Lordship - including a reference to his race. The useRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth, Othello, And King Lear1479 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth, was the last of four great tragedies, including Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear, written during the Elizabethan Era. Herbert Courson states the play as, â€Å" â€Å"a powerful even for the mature Shakespeare. [which]... demands that we share its experience intensely, that we fell the strength of Macbeth’s thirst for kingship, the force of Lady Macbeth’s persuasions, the an guish of Macbeth’s struggle before the murder, and the impact of nature’s retribution after the murder†Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth Vs. Othello1006 Words   |  5 PagesNadia Chilcoat Macbeth vs. Othello Period: â…š 12/12/2014 Macbeth vs. Othello Ancient Greeks believed that a tragic hero must be admirable but flawed, someone the audience can sympathize with, and someone capable of good and evil. The main character must also have a doctrine of free will, in which they are able to redeem themselves, but they continue to fall freely in a downward spiral from a position of superiority. The audience must also be able toRead MoreThe Literary Genius Of William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliette, Othello, King Lear, And Macbeth1953 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is an intriguing and well-known playwright and is considered to be the face of literature. Through the brainstorming of his greatest plays Romeo and Juliette, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, just to name a few, Shakespeare’s most famous play seemingly enough is Hamlet. This play is mostly evoked for its intrinsic worth however, it has its imperfections. Shakespeare will forever live on as the literary genius of the century because of the internal tragedie s he endured that gaveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hometown Of The English Language And The World s Best Dramatist1266 Words   |  6 Pages Although many knew him as a keen businessman in his hometown of Stratford, William Shakespeare is recognized as the greatest writer in the English language and the world s best dramatist. (www.goodreads.com) He wrote hundreds of songs, plays, books, and poems. During his time, his plays were well under-appreciated and a lot of his work did not appear until seven years after his death. Without Shakespeare, the English language would have never expanded at the rate it did, erasing many common wordsRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s King Lear, Hamlet, Othello And Macbeth1206 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 3.7: Achievement Standard 91478 Introduction Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor. Through analysing four tragedy texts by Shakespeare, I have noticed he uses the fall of the main character as the primary focus in his tragedies as this creates good suspense and climax as an added attraction for the audience. A Shakespearean tragedy, is a five-act play and they usually revolve around a similar idea of conflict. This is the Internal and external Conflict within the characterRead MoreDoes Othello Meet The Standards Of A Tragic Hero?2171 Words   |  9 PagesMay 2015 Does Othello Meet the Standards of a Tragic Hero? William Shakespeare is considered one of the greatest play writers who ever lived. Students throughout the United States continue to read his sonnets and plays today. His style of writing and his use of metaphors are what truly make him a great writer. Shakespeare wrote many comedies such as A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Much Ado about Nothing, and The Taming of the Shrew. Shakespeare also wrote many tragedies such as Macbeth, Hamlet, and RomeoRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1887 Words   |  8 Pagesdisaster. â€Å"Macbeth’’ is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare and is considered one of his darkest and most powerful works. William Shakespeare was born in Stratford -upon -avon, in Warwickshire and was baptized a few days later on 26 April 1566. William Shakespeare was educated at the local King Edward grammar school Stratford and is considered by many to be the greatest playwright of all time.(Bio.) In Macbeth, William Shakespeare used ambition to show us Lady Macbeth and Macbeth and theirRead MoreEnglish Feature article on Shakespears Macbeth with reference to both play and Polanskis adaptation. Title: Windows changed through time.1199 Words   |  5 Pageschanged through time. A way to see the world through different eyes... In late 1606 or early 1607, The last of Shakespeare s four great tragedies was written. Macbeth has been said by many to be Shakespeare s darkest work, A Reflection through Shakespeare s mind giving us a window into Elizabethan ways of politics, Human violence and Human nature. Quiet relevantly Shakespeare would never have guessed that over 400 years later the basic morals and characteristics that were used to shape

What Is a Mantle in the Body of a Mollusk

The mantle is an important part of the body of a mollusk. It forms the outer wall of the mollusks body. The mantle encloses the mollusks visceral mass, which is its internal organs, including the heart, stomach, intestines, and gonads. The mantle is muscular, and many species have modified it to use for siphoning water for feeding and propulsion. In mollusks that have shells, such as clams, mussels, and snails, the mantle is what secretes calcium carbonate and a matrix to form the mollusks shell. In mollusks that lack shells, such as the slug, the mantle is completely visible. In some mollusks with shells, you can see the mantle extending from under the shell. This leads to its name, which means cloak or robe. The Latin word for mantle is pallium, and you may see that used in some texts.  In some mollusks, such as the  giant clam, the mantle can be very colorful. It can be used for communication. The Mantle Margin and Siphons In many types of mollusks, the edges of the mantle extend beyond the shell and are called the mantle margin. They can form flaps. In some species, they have been adapted to use as a siphon. In species of squid, octopus, and clams the mantle has been modified as a siphon, and it is used to direct water flow for several purposes. Gastropods draw water into the siphon and over the gill for respiration and to search for food with chemoreceptors inside it. The paired siphons of some bivalves draw water in and expel it, using this action for respiration, filter feeding, excreting wastes, and reproduction. Cephalopods such as the octopus and squid have a siphon called the hyponome  that they use to expel a jet of water to propel themselves. In some bivalves, it forms a foot that they use for digging. The Mantle Cavity A double fold of the mantle creates the mantle skirt and the mantle cavity inside it. Here you find the gills, anus, olfactory organ, and genital pore. This cavity allows water or air to circulate through the mollusk, bringing with it nutrients and oxygen, and it can be expelled to carry away wastes or provide propulsion. The mantle cavity is also used as a brood chamber by some species. Often it serves multiple purposes. Mantle Secreting the Shell The mantle secretes, repairs, and maintains the shell of those mollusks that have shells. The epithelial layer of the mantle secretes a matrix on which calcium carbonate crystals grow. The calcium comes from the environment via water and food, and the epithelium concentrates it and adds it to the extrapallial space where the shell forms. Damage to the mantle can interfere with shell formation. One irritation that can lead to forming a pearl is caused by a piece of the mollusks mantle that becomes trapped. The mollusk then secretes layers of aragonite and conchiolin to wall off this irritation and a pearl is formed.

Green Card For Illegal Immigrants - 746 Words

Green card for illegal immigrant 1. Green Card Application Process for Illegal Immigrants American Immigration Services Inc., 300 Delaware Avenue, Suite 210-A, Wilmington, DELAWARE 19801 +1-888-616-3824 1 2. Is green card even possible? †¢ â€Å"I overstayed my U.S. visa. I have a family now. Can I get a green card?† †¢ â€Å"I entered the United States illegally many years ago. I am married with kids. Can I apply for a green card?† †¢ We are being asked such questions often †¢ The answer to many of them is more complicated than a single â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† †¢ Being married to a U.S. citizen is a help †¢ But it may not be a universal key to a solution 2 3. Green card does not happen fast †¢ Processing times are long in general †¢ https://www.americanimmigration.us/green-card-renewal-form-i-90/ †¢ USCIS is backed up, because of funding and other issues †¢ The process itself envisions multiple phases of review, including †¢ review of the submitted application †¢ background and biometric checks, and †¢ interview †¢ Following the proper process is key! 3 4. Factors for green card application success †¢ Length of time spent out of status †¢ Criminal record in the United States †¢ Bona fide relationship with your spouse †¢ Completeness of the green card application †¢ Diligent following of the green card application process 4 5. Why delay coming clean? †¢ Subjective (personal) reasons: procrastination, lack of funds, other priorities, etc. †¢ Objective reasons: Legitimate risk of suffering the sever consequences ofShow MoreRelatedImmigration Of The United States1105 Words   |  5 Pagesof America is founded upon an influx of immigrants throughout many decades. They have shaped our country by bringing a variety of skills and knowledge to strengthen our country more than it was before. These adjustments are notable and should be recognized for the sake of millions of immigrants living in the U.S. However, not all immigrants receive any recognition. Instead, they are put in a position where they are handled very harsh. For example, immigrants living on the streets in Los Angeles, CaliforniaRead MoreAmerica s Border Control Is A Security System1525 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s Border Control is a security system that protects America’s borders and makes sure that no terrorist or i llegal immigrants enter America without a green card. The border control has been paid billions and maybe trillions of dollars to protect our borders. America’s border control needs to be lowered, it’s not just Mexicans are entering America illegally the statistics of immigration from 2013 are -Mexicans 14% -Chinese 7.2% -Indians 6.9% -Philippines 5.5% -Dominican Republic 4.2% TheRead MoreLegalizing Immigrants Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesin a country illegally is an, illegal immigrant. There are a lot o people that are illegal in the United States that migrates for a better life and future. Some immigrants come to the United States so that their kids can have a better life and can be given a chance to further their education and become something in life. Unlike, in the United States if a child of an illegal immigrant is born in the United States, they automatically gain citizenship. Some immigrants suffer a lot to get to America;Read MoreAmerica s Border Control Is A Security System1525 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s Border Control is a security system that protects America’s borders and makes sure that no terrorist or illegal immigrants enter America without a green card. The border control has been paid billions and maybe trillions of dollars to protect our borders. America’s border control needs to be lowered, it’s not just Mexicans are entering America illegally the statistics of immigration from 2013 are -Mexicans 14% -Chinese 7.2% -Indians 6.9% -Philippines 5.5% -Dominican Republic 4.2% TheRead MorePersuasive Essay On Illegal Immigration1459 Words   |  6 PagesImmigrants have been coming to America way before the declaration of Independence in 1776. The United States of America has had immigrants from every nationality in the world seeking a better life or to pursue economic opportunities that may not be available in their native home. The majority of immigrants in the late nineteenth century arrived in the country on boats. Denial of entry were for the individuals whom are criminals, anarchists, or carriers of disease. Immigrants has the ability toRead MoreTaking a Look at Immigration to America656 Words   |  3 PagesThere are two types of immigration, legal and illegal and there are different visa types for people immigrating into the country. People who are moving to the United States are legally immigrating because they come here for different reasons. There are offerings here that other countries do not have. Legal immigrants have the option of applying for permanent residency if they have lived here for a long time. A green card is a card that allows immigrants to permanently live in the United States andRead MoreThe End Of President Obama s Final Term1517 Words   |  7 PagesImmigration seems to be a sensitive topic to discuss as there are 42.2 million immigrants residing in the United States and that number sees to be growing. There are those who oppose immigration and wish to send them all back to their place of origin because they â€Å"Drain the Economy† or â€Å"Steal all the Jobs† but the truth of the matter is, Hispanics are not the only immigrants, there are Asian, European and African immigrants that all come to the U.S to live out the American dream and they are doing moreRead MoreLowering t he Cost of Becoming a Citizen878 Words   |  4 PagesLowering Cost of Becoming a Citizen Hard workers exist in other countries too, why deport the hard working ones? Illegal immigration is the act by foreign nationals of entering the United States without government permission and in violation of immigration law of the United States, or staying beyond the termination date of a visa, also in violation of the law. The reason why illegal immigrants come to the U.S. is because of the noticeable difference in the quality of life between the two countries. ManyRead MoreImmigration : The Land Of Dreams1499 Words   |  6 Pageshave an equal shot at becoming something greater than he or she are at that moment. This land is filled with dreamers trying to make a living and to make their â€Å"American dream† come true. Most of them are immigrants. What is an immigrant? What makes someone an immigrant? Nowadays, an immigrant is a person who is not a citizen of the country he or she are living in and are on a visa or the lack of one. According to Bureau of Consular Affairs , U.S. Department of State, a visa is â€Å"...a travel documentRead MoreThe Department of Homeland Security for Immigration Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual would like to apply for a green card, they must do so while residing in Mexico which is what keeps many undocumented people from applying. There are approximately 12 million undocumented immigrants in the U.S. It’s interesting that immigration law takes place within the U.S. Department of Justice instead of the U.S. judicial system because deportation is seen as an administrative correction and not a criminal punishment. Because of this, undocumented immigrants facing deportation do not have

Live of Women in Renaissance Free Essays

The interest of scientists and historians in women’s Renaissance is still growing as there are different ideas and attitudes towards life of women in that historical period. Did women have their Renaissance? Some had, whereas others didn’t. However, Renaissance has played important role in formation women’s personality and identity. We will write a custom essay sample on Live of Women in Renaissance or any similar topic only for you Order Now Renaissance was the first step on the long road to women’s freedom and equality. The topic has been chosen as oppression of women and domination of men was a primary matter of concern in fiction literature, as well as in social and political tractates. Women were often oppressed and subordinated and, therefore, had fewer opportunities for their Renaissance. Before speaking about the impact of Renaissance on women history it is necessary to describe what role were imposed on women in society. (Zwanger, 1997) Actually, women in Renaissance can be classified as traditional women who performed the imposed role and exceptional women who tended to show their personality and express their identity through art and literature. Generally, women were considered merely bearers of children and housekeepers. Therefore, they were inferior to men and customs kept them away from social life. Women’s tasks were routine and only wealthy women were allowed to escape from making clothing and administrating food production. Since 13th century women were prohibited to take control over food suppliers as it was considered full males role. Renaissance women were active only in spinning wool and carding as it was considered female tasks. Wives were forbidden to participate in business as they had to keep their houses. Actually, Renaissance was the world of men and the world for men. Historians claim that women had more opportunities and jobs during the Middle Ages rather than during Renaissance. The reason is that capitalism led to more efficient production and women’s economic significance was reduced. More women remained unemployed and they were paid less for the same jobs. (Zwanger, 1997) Nevertheless, there were moments in Renaissance history of women which impacted the future formation of women as personalities with equal rights and opportunities. In particular, some women tended to express their identity in art and literature making other women re-thing their social status and job opportunities. Such exceptional women were among the first to speak about women rights, their participation in business, social life, etc. with time women gained more freedom and were provided with more opportunities to express themselves. (Zwanger, 1997) During Renaissance art was a powerful method to control women as it constructed a myriad of social pressures offering rich material for study female role. Economic restrictions and less opportunities prevented many women to devote their life to arts. Documented Renaissance artists were either children of noblemen or daughters of artists and they were expected to have literary and music skills. Despite they were talented, their careers finished after marriage. However, they try to make art equal for men and women. Some women were active artistic patrons who arranged agreements with artists. For example, one of the noblewomen, Isabella d’Este commissioned significant amount of art having decorated her private studios.   Mostly, pictures represented traditional women virtues as chastity, moral purity and fidelity. Furthermore, some women used art to strengthen their power. For example, Eleonora of Toledo was married to Cosimo I de’Medici and she used her portrait with the son to strengthen her political power in Tuscany. (Zwanger, 1997) In conclusion it is necessary to outline that the primary impact of Renaissance women on their future was the fact that through art they tended to strengthen their social political positions and to prove that they were personality who deserved equal rights and opportunities. Despite Renaissance was mainly a men’s world in which women were regulated and controlled by lack of independence and social pressure, little by little they started their war for freedom and liberty. (Zwanger, 1997) References Zwanger, Meryl. (1997). Women and Art in Renaissance. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from http://www.columbia.edu/cu/sister/Renaissance.html                How to cite Live of Women in Renaissance, Essay examples

Over the last few years specia... free essay sample

Over the last few years special need for tall buildings has been established. Particular emphasis has been given to reducing time period for the completion of these projects. Hence special structural formworks has been introduced to reduce time as well as labour cost of these industry. Structural Formworks used in the Construiction Industry has tremendous advantages in terms of speed of completion of the project. However since these Auto Climbing Systems is also used at tremendous heights these factors could lead to major hazards. These are mainly usedin the building of core concrete walls which works as the backbone of the entire structure of the building.Some of these hazards include personnel working on the platform has a danger of falling from height,injury from material falling from height to the person working below the platforms. High priority is required to safety aspects during the Jumping/Lifting of the platform. When ythe platformis elevated from a lower level to a higher level new risks and hazards are introduced. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze various risks and hazards involved in the use of such structural formworks in the construction industry and provide proper and appropriate means of control measures. INTRODUCTIONThe height of a building has always contributed to the constructions status.While India may be far behind when it comes to elevated constructions, in comparision with many other cities in the world, the country is making a slow but steady ascent with a number of towering structures that are being built and planned for several cities.Tall structures help accommodate more people in the limited resources of land. With the growing number of immigrant population in the city,if horizontal construction continues, the city will in no time run out of options for further development. Tall buildings use lesser ground area and so more land is available for better infrastructure development such as parking,gardens and other important facilities, A flat on a higher floor offers residents a significant reduction in the level of smog and noise. It also provides more light, better ventilation and greater relief from the heat. In short, better quality of life. While overall Floor Space Index (FSI) remains low in the country, especially in big cities, it is also difficult to btain large-sized plot wiyhin cities for construction of high rise buildings.Rules for high rise buildings are stringent. Builders must follow norms for setbacks, elevators, in house fire safety equipment, service ducts, electricity supply, exit routes, a published fire safety plan and more. One of the key factors that decides wheather compliance is required is the height of the building itself; the height decides wheather a building is a high-rise or not. The two most questioned aspects of high rise buildings are structural stability and security. In order to make the high-rise building withstand natural calamities, the design has to incorporate mechanisms to resist wind force of a very high intensity; the second important issue is safety in case of fire. For this High rise buildings are designed with free spaces for rescue and fire resistant materials. The Auto Climbing System though a very promising and beneficial addition to the construction industry of high rise building however like two sides of a coin it has both positive and negative aspects. The Automatic Climbing System (ACS) is a hydraulically operated self- climbing formwork system used for construction of tall concrete structures such as building core walls and bridge pylons. Tall concrete structures have historically been formed with crane lifted formwork often referred to as jump forms. This procedure requires extensive crane time and is too slow, unsafe and unproductive for tall structures where the concrete walls are typically on the critical path. Even though Auto or Self climbing system is a huge boost in reducing the time required for project completion, we cannot neglect the safety loopholes in these systems.The need to perform this study is to provide a safe and secure working environment to the workers, labors and all the personnel working on and below the pla tform. Great care is taken for installation of these platforms. However it is widely observed that while the jumping or lifting of the platform is done not much study has been done in terms of the safety of this particular activity. Throughout the industry accidents has been reported while lifting the platform from one level to another.LITERATURE REVIEWThe ACS is used on the exterior of a core wall, for the facade of a structural concrete building or for bridge pylons. A significant advantage of the ACS format is that there are no over wall obstructions thus permitting the reinforcing steel to be prettied on the ground and lifted into place in mats. The ACS configuration is utilized for the interior cells of a core wall or for raising both the interior and exterior formwork for a building core together.The climbing sequence begins by stripping the formwork from the previously cast lift using the carriages on the brackets or platform. The leading climbing shoes are then bolted to the anchors in the previous lift. The hydraulic climbing mechanism rails located at each bracket or platform beam to the leading climbing shoes where they engage and lock automatically. The climbing mechanism is switched from climbing the rails to climbing the unit. The ACS unit then climbs on the rails at the speed of 0.50m (1-8) per minute. After the unit has reached the leading climbing shoe, it is secured with a locking bar and the hydraulic system is disengaged. With the unit in its new location, the rebar is installed from the work platform and the formwork is positioned using the carriages. The formwork is now ready form concrete placement to complete the construction cycle. When choosing the most suitable ACS version for a particular project, the following factors are decisive: the form of the building, the required construction sequence, specified cycle times, reinforcement work, and the requirement that the placing boom also has to be climbed. Formwork can be classified to a variety of categories- relating to the differences in sizes, the location of use, construction materials, nature of operation, or simply by the brand name of the products.Construction- related factors1. Complexity of the built environment:Exceptionally small or large sites, sloped or very crowded sites, proximity to sensitive structures, sites where other major activities are underway, or sites with many physical or contractual restrictions will increase the difficulty of working with formwork.2. Speed of work:For high rise buildings, increasing the number of formwork used cannot always solve the question of speed, for the critical path still depends on the floor cycle. However, a properly selected, designed and arranged formwork system will increase work efficacy for each typical cycle. Adding half or a full set of formwork for the floor forms help to speed up the cycle.3. Re use of formwork:Re use for traditional timber formwork is usually limited due to the durability of the plywood sheeting. The optimum number of times of timber form can be used is usually 12 to 14. Thus it is still sufficiently economical to use timber formwork for high rise building at heights in accordance to the multiple of the usual re-used times.4. Construction planning:Constructing planning such as the phasing or sectioning arrangement, integration of the structure, site layout and set up arrangements or hoisting provisions and concrete placing facilities are influencing factors when considering formwork selection application. 5. Dependence of work:Many factors should be considered before employment of a construction plan and the selection of the right formwork system. These include considerations of whether there will be lifting appliances will be provided for erection of formwork, will these appliances will be able to access the work spot to assist in the operstions.

School Violence free essay sample

This paper delves into the issues of school violence which has been plaguing our society for a number of years, causing detrimental effects to the development of our country, the improved lives of our citizens and the well-being of children. Moral development of individuals is closely related to conforming to certain norms and standards of society, and control of antisocial or negative behavior is absolutely necessary in preventing delinquent behavior. The stages of moral development should be understood to delineate the positive or negative impact of non-conformity. After complete moral development, individuals may choose to not conform to social standards and try to move beyond norms. This is not always negative and would be associated with novelty and creativity. However when moral development is hindered at an early stage of life when children ignore moral values and ethics of society for their own selfish pursuits and there is a complete lack of external control, the moral development is truncated and lead to criminal behavior in later life. We will write a custom essay sample on School Violence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A restraining factor in violent acts of crime is rational thinking and if individuals can rationalize, reflect and understand the seriousness of crimes, they would be deterred from engaging in crimes and would thus in turn aid their own moral and personal development. Moral development of children would be dependent on several factors and according to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, the first stage of moral reasoning is of obedience and avoiding punishment, the second stage is keeping up to expectations of family members and the final stage is moving beyond social conventions. Students that commit violent acts of crime have incomplete moral development as their behavior may be motivated by a desire to break the law and challenge obedience and punishment. There are different categories of violent behaviours that take place in the school context, including those directly directed towards objects or school material and those directly directed towards individuals such as teachers and peers. The first one would refer to acts of vandalism such as breaking desks or doors, painting names, messages and graffiti’s on the school walls, And the second  type would include verbal and physical aggressions towards the teachers or peers, and serious problems of discipline in the class such as disobeying the school internal regulations. Out of all these behaviours, fights between peers are the most frequent ones, whether it is one to one or between groups. In today’s society, the influence of media, the glorification of money and power, the portrayal of aggression as socially more valued than nurturing, the acceptance of condemnation instead of caring have cultivated in the cognitive schema of our students the perception that any attempt to weigh matters against ethical positions is light and soft – attributes that are asynchronous with the rough and ravenous disposition of those perceived to be successful, wealthy and socially elitist. Parents and teachers are very influential in a child’s development. We have to be very conscientious and methodical in the way we model behaviours and attitudes regarding students’ growth and development. Around the world, newspapers and the broadcast media report daily on violence by gangs in schools. Of all acts of crime and violence committed among children, those that take place within schools are the most frequent. Students that commit violent acts of crime generally lack the ability to control their emotions and are incapable of expressing their rage without hurting someone in the process. Students that display these behavioural problems usually have very low self-esteem and self-worth and they seek to take out their frustration on uninvolved victims, blaming them for their misfortunes. Youth violence has plagued our society for a substantial amount of years and there are several ways in which it can develop. Some children exhibit these behavioural patterns in ear ly childhood that gradually escalates to more severe forms of aggression before and during adolescence. Violent students have a jaded, often cavalier attitude toward education and its importance to their future success or personal development. Studies have shown that low intelligence and low levels of achievement in school have consistently been found to be associated with youth violence. Students are in most cases, labeled or stigmatized by other peers regarding their status in society, their background and their academic abilities. This has been an issue for quite some time where students worth, their perceptions of themselves and their inability to conform to what is deemed as socially acceptable behaviour has been questioned by both the individuals and society at large. . Students who  feel threatened by their peers have an unquenchable thirst for revenge on anyone who they believe has had a â€Å"gold spoon† placed in their mouth since birth. They view students whose parents are high up the social ladder in society as the reasons for their adversities and they seek revenge on what they believe they are being deprived off. They often lash out in ways that are not considered acceptable behaviour by law but is â€Å"fair game â€Å"in their eyes. The home environment is thought to contribute immensely to school violence. Parental behaviour and the family environment are central factors in the development of violent behaviour in young people. Long-term exposure to gun violence, parental alcoholism, domestic violence, physical abuse of the child, poor monitoring and supervision of children by parents and child sexual abuse, teaches children that criminal and violent activities are acceptable. These factors are strong predictors of violence during adolescence. Harsh parental discipline is clearly associated with higher levels of aggressiveness in youths. Violence in adolescence has been strongly linked to parental conflict in early childhood and to poor attachment between parents and children. Single parent families are also indicators that contribute to violent behaviours in students where they often blame themselves for their parent’s separation. The feeling of inadequacy toward their parents and failure to prevent the separation may have detrimental effects on a child thus leading them to commit violent acts. A low level of family cohesion and the absence of other social support, can vastly affect children’s social and emotional functioning and behaviour. This factor contributes to the behaviours that are apparent in schools where violence stems from the home and is then transferred into the schools resulting in unfavorable outcomes. Another indicator influencing student violence is peer influences. During adolescence, building these relationships with peers is generally considered positive and important in shaping interpersonal connections, but they can also have negative effects. Having delinquent friends in school is associated with violence in young people. The presence of gangs in schools, guns and drugs in a locality is a potent mixture, increasing the likelihood of violence. Students often feel intimidated by their peers who are higher academic achievers than themselves and come from families that are social elites, and in order for them to feel superior; they commit violent acts that they know they have full control  over in order to replace any feelings of inferiority. Violence in school is often committed by gangs rather than an individual where a gang would fully support their actions regardless of the consequences. There is often a sense of superiority felt by those individuals who commit such unnecessary crimes where their actions are praised by their peers and that in turn, boost their ego. The communities in which young people live is an important influence on their families, the nature of their peer groups, and the way they may be exposed to situations that lead to violence. Generally speaking, boys in urban areas are more likely to be involved in violent behaviour than those living in rural areas. Within urban areas, those living in neighborhoods with high levels of crime are more likely to be involved in violent behaviour than those living in other neighborhoods. Students that live in communities that are prone to having criminal activity and gangs will continue to portray an unfavourable bahaviour in the school as well. The tactics they learn outside the school from persons much older and experienced than they are will be used in the school to bully students, hurt them physically as well as emotionally and possibly end their lives because to the perpetrators, everything is seen as a game to them and they are incapable of showing remorse. This is the unfortunate reality that we live in where students are being bullied for their money, food or jewellery in schools. Granted that there were never any killings in schools, that does not make the students behaviour acceptable. In the Caribbean, there have not been any killings in schools thus far but with violent acts, there is no limit to what a person can do because if the students can commit these acts with a clear conscious, there is no telling what these children are really capable of. Culture, which is reflected in the inherited norms and values of society, helps determine how people respond to a changing environment. One important means through which violent images, norms and values are propagated is the media. Exposure of children and young people to the various forms of the media has increased dramatically in recent years. New forms of media – such as exposure to television violence and, to a lesser extent, violent video games are related to increased aggressiveness in children, which, in turn, may carry over into school. These factors have multiplied opportunities for young people to be exposed to violence. It is essential that we understand that students model behaviour, therefore  whatever they are exposed too, directly influences their behaviour, their thinking, their actions and their beliefs. If students grow up in a stable environment that is conducive to learning and developing intellectually as well as socially their behavioural patterns would conform to what is socially acceptable by law. Students need to have instilled in them, proper religious beliefs, values, practices and principles so that they are able to differentiate right from wrong. This starts at the home but it is essential that it continues at school so that the practices imparted to them would allow them to understand that violent acts toward peers are wrong and are regarded as unfair and unjust treatment of students. Participating in physical fights, bullying and carrying of weapons are important risk behaviours for youth violence. Involvement in physical fighting is very common among students in many parts of the world. Forms of aggression, bullying and physical fighting in schools lead to very serious forms of violence. The carrying of weapons is predominantly a male activity among young students in today’s society. There are, however, major variations in the prevalence of weapon carrying as reported by adolescents in different countries. If we were to look at the U.S, the severity of criminal activity that takes place in those schools would surpass the violent acts of crime carried out in Caribbean schools. In the U.S, there were episodes of shootings and stabbings with knives, killing a number of students in the process. The extent to which students would orchestrate their crimes in the U.S would appear to be premeditated as appose to Caribbean crimes where students randomly choose their victims to have a fight with. Whether the crimes are premeditated or random, that could never justify such actions. Violent acts in schools not only affect the individual, but the entire family of the victim. Parent- and family-based interventions are designed to improve family relations. There is growing evidence that these interventions, especially those that start early and recognize the diverse factors that influence a family, can have substantial, long-term effects in reducing violent behavior at home as well as in schools. Strategies should be focused on modifying community characteristics, including school settings that either promote or inhibit violence. Strategies to change the social and cultural climate to  reduce youth violence are often difficult and infrequently used. Approaches that may facilitate lasting change include addressing social norms via public information campaigns; reducing media violence; and reforming educational systems at the institutional level. According to philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, each individual is born with innate goodness.

Free Essays on Goodbye And Goodnight

Goodbye and Goodnight â€Å"I love you, do not ever forget. It was not your fault so please don’t blame yourself. It was my dad that caused me to do it. This is the only way for me to prove to him that he cared for me. Be brave for me, be strong for my little brother. Please don’t cry for me, I will always be with you. I love you, goodbye.† Those were Larry’s last word to me, left behind in a note. Reasons for why he felt his suicide was justified. The impact he had upon my life was like nothing I ever imagined. His death gave me a reason to live and taught me what was truly important. My best friend’s suicide caused me to find my true calling, discover what impact Christ has upon my life, and discover what is most important in life. Though still an open wound and painful to speak about, I will attempt to explain what Larry has done for me. I now understand the saying that â€Å"you do not realize how much you love someone until you lose them.† Larry taught me this, and taught me what was most important in life. I now spend more time focusing on the little things. The simple tasks are often overlooked such as playing a game with my younger sister or even spending the afternoon at a nursing home listening to the stories of the lonely residents. The little things in life that I would have previously taken for granted now have become valuable to my essence. Another thing that Larry’s death helped me to realize is what I want to do with my life. Before his suicide I had no aspirations, no dreams. Now I want to be a psychiatrist so I can help other people, in hope that they will not make the same mistake that he did. My hope is that I find the people in time and make a difference in their lives. The final and most profound impact Larry’s death has had upon my me is how through his death I have found Christ. In a time where I felt the most alone and vulnerable, the love of God got me through. ... Free Essays on Goodbye And Goodnight Free Essays on Goodbye And Goodnight Goodbye and Goodnight â€Å"I love you, do not ever forget. It was not your fault so please don’t blame yourself. It was my dad that caused me to do it. This is the only way for me to prove to him that he cared for me. Be brave for me, be strong for my little brother. Please don’t cry for me, I will always be with you. I love you, goodbye.† Those were Larry’s last word to me, left behind in a note. Reasons for why he felt his suicide was justified. The impact he had upon my life was like nothing I ever imagined. His death gave me a reason to live and taught me what was truly important. My best friend’s suicide caused me to find my true calling, discover what impact Christ has upon my life, and discover what is most important in life. Though still an open wound and painful to speak about, I will attempt to explain what Larry has done for me. I now understand the saying that â€Å"you do not realize how much you love someone until you lose them.† Larry taught me this, and taught me what was most important in life. I now spend more time focusing on the little things. The simple tasks are often overlooked such as playing a game with my younger sister or even spending the afternoon at a nursing home listening to the stories of the lonely residents. The little things in life that I would have previously taken for granted now have become valuable to my essence. Another thing that Larry’s death helped me to realize is what I want to do with my life. Before his suicide I had no aspirations, no dreams. Now I want to be a psychiatrist so I can help other people, in hope that they will not make the same mistake that he did. My hope is that I find the people in time and make a difference in their lives. The final and most profound impact Larry’s death has had upon my me is how through his death I have found Christ. In a time where I felt the most alone and vulnerable, the love of God got me through. ...

Twig Anatomy for Tree Identification

Twig Anatomy for Tree Identification To use a tree twig key means learning a twigs botanical parts. A key can help you identify a tree to the specific species by asking two question where you can affirm one and eliminate the other. This is called a dichotomous key. Here  is one of the best online twig keys. Terms You Must Know Opposite or Alternate Twigs: Most tree twig keys start with the arrangement of leaf, limb, and buds. It is the primary first separation of the most common tree species. You can eliminate major blocks of trees just by observing its leaf and twig arrangement. Alternate leaf attachments have one unique leaf at each leaf node and typically alternate direction along the stem. Opposite leaf attachments pair leaves at each node. Whorled leaf attachment is where three or more leaves attach at each point or node on the stem. The opposites are maple, ash, dogwood, paulownia buckeye and boxelder (which is really a maple). The alternates are oak, hickory, yellow poplar, birch, beech, elm, cherry, sweetgum, and sycamore. The Terminal Bud: There is a bud on the tip of every twig where growth occurs. It is often larger than the lateral buds and some can be absent. Trees easily identified by their terminal buds are yellow poplar (mitten or duckbilled shaped), dogwood (clove-shaped flower bud) and oak (clustered bud ends). The Lateral Buds: These are buds on each side of the branch. The trees easily identified by a lateral bud is beech (long, pointed scaled bud) and elm (buds off center over leaf scar). The Leaf Scar: This is a scar of leaf attachment. When the leaf drops, a scar is left just under the bud and it can be unique. The trees easily identified by its leaf scars are hickory (3-lobed), ash (shield-shaped)and dogwood (leaf scar encircles the twig). The Lenticel: There are cork-filled pores on most trees that permit the living inner bark to breathe. I use the narrow, long and light lenticels to partly identify just one species that can be tricky - black cherry. The Bundle Scar: You can see scars within the leaf scar that are a big help in identification. These visible dots or lines are cork filled ends of tubes that supply the leaf with water. The trees easily identified by its bundle or vein scars are ash (continuous bundle scars), maple (three bundle scars), and oaks (numerous scattered bundle scars) The Stipule Scar: This is the scar of a leaf-like attachment just off the leaf stem. Since all trees do not have stipules the presence or absence of stipule scars is often helpful in identifying a winter twig. The trees easily identified by its stipule scar is magnolia and yellow poplar. The Pith: The pith is the soft inner core of the twig. The trees easily identified by its pith are black walnut and butternut (both with chambered pith) and hickory (tan, 5-sided pith). One bit of caution when using the above markers. You need to observe an average-looking and maturing tree and stay away from root sprouts, seedlings, suckers and juvenile growth. Rapidly growing young growth can (but not always) have atypical markers that will confuse the beginning identifier.

Fashion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Fashion - Research Paper Example The following shall be discussed: fashion and health; fashion and comfort; fashion and culture; fashion and aesthetic culture; femininity in men’s fashion and finally, fashion and the economy. Fashion affects almost all aspects of life in the world and one of its greatest effects is on the health of those people who use the items and accessories of fashion. Some of the items which make up current fashion have adverse effects on the health of their users and it is very important that they note these effects and take the necessary actions to remedy them before they become permanent. The first to be discussed are fashion accessories, which many people who use them do not realize that they carry their own health hazards, for instance, carrying heavy handbags restricts blood flow to one side of the body causing muscle strain. Hair styles in most cases can also have unexpected results on the health of an individual for example, the wearing of hair extensions for long periods or chan ging them frequently can create bald spots on their scalps. Moreover, tight headbands, ponytails and braids can cause headaches due to the unnatural pulling of the hair resulting in the tightening of the scalp. Araujo and Minetti (759) in their article state that the minute amounts of nickel found in rings, earrings, belt buckles, watch backs, and jeans can cause an itchy red rash at the site of exposure on people who have nickel allergy which can begin suddenly even in adulthood. Furthermore, the trapped soap and moisture can cause a rash under any kind of ring but it tends to happen particularly with channel set rings with open spaces underneath the stone settings. Body piercings have a tendency of developing a bacterial infection with statistics showing a twenty percent frequency. The wearing of oversize earrings may cause the holes on the earlobes to stretch or tear and once that happens, the lobes may not heal on their own and might require cosmetic surgery to repair the damage by removing the excess tissue and stitching the hole shut. A related subject to this is the increase in the cases of cosmetic surgery because from the time they are kids, people tend to be told or given the image that they are inadequate and that they should change their looks to conform to the current fashion trend. According to Friedman (319) in his journal article â€Å"Cosmetic surgery† this has raised some serious medical concerns because since this field is still largely unregulated, any licensed physician and in some cases, dentist, is allowed to perform the procedure of cosmetic surgery. Fashion can damage one’s feet and balance through their choice of shoes especially the use of high heeled shoes. The use of these shoes leads to one bearing an additional weight on the forefoot, which results to drained nerves and joint problems such as bunions or hammertoes. These situations are almost impossible to reverse and the problems that come with them remain with the person affected for the rest of their lives, as they tend to get worse as they age. Skintight jeans can cause irritation to the skin through trapping dampness, which might lead to one having yeast infection. Eating disorders such as anorexia are caused by a person’s (especially ladies) need to conform to current fashion trends through excessive food restriction and an irrational fear of gaining weight. According to Prah (122) in the article â€Å"Eating Disorders,†

Team and leadership ip 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team and leadership ip 2 - Essay Example On the other hand, leadership is a concern with bringing the team to the vision, which is through inspiration and good communication. They do this so that the team they lead can work harder and achieve the targeted goals. An effective leader needs to have leadership skills, and the knowledge that a leader possesses is influenced by factors such as personality, values, attitude, cognitive differences and charisma (Phipps and Prieto, 2011). Personality has been considered to influence as a major element in what makeup leadership style of a person. The personality trait of every leader has an impact on the dynamic of the team; therefore, indicating the way the leader must approach their working. It greatly affects how a leader interacts with his team members, and how the leader will act. A person’s charisma is a divine grace and is a source of authority for a leader to do good deeds (Phipps and Prieto, 2011). Hence, it makes people being led believe in the remarkable quality of a leader. Leaders who have charisma, they have an extraordinary personality, character, focused on their work and behaviour. Leaders attract people through interacting with them in discussions and arguments. Values of a person greatly affect and shape their decision-making and behaviour. In addition, personal values serve as a driver on the methods one uses in creating value. They influence how a leader perceives the external environment a nd shapes the choices they make and organizational performance. A leader’s attitude towards his team should be friendly, but of serious working to meet the goals set. A leader with a bad attitude towards his team members will not lead effectively. The cognitive difference between leaders includes the processes that these individuals use in making decisions and not just the decisions they make (Caruso, Mayer and Salovey, 2002). Leaders have

Macro and Micro Environment Analysis of McDonalds

Macro and Micro Environment Analysis of McDonalds 2. Literature Review This section provides a broad picture of the dissertation that includes setting up the arameters and limits to the field of inquiry going into the research. Its aim is to identify key ideas, marketing theories applicable and marketing case studies that impinge upon the area of this investigation. It makes an effective starting point leading into the introduction and the background of the dissertation. 2.1 Macro Environment Analysis of McDonalds The analysis is done using a top down approach where first the Macro Environment and then the Micro environment has been examined, in which McDonalds operates. 2.1.2 Internal Anlaysis Internal Analysis is done using Value Chain analysis. The term ‘value chain was used by Michael Porter (1985) in his book â€Å"competitive advantage; creating and sustaining superior performance†. Brown (1997),â€Å"described value chain as a tool to disaggregate a business in to strategically relevant activities†. In McDonalds case, the key value adding activities are inbound logistics, operation, outbound logistics, marketing sales and service. McDonalds logistics function is to buy food on behalf of its operator (franchisee) and arrange delivery in to their restaurants. McDonalds logistics includes; the procurement and shipment of raw materials in to suppliers, the procurement and shipment of finished goods between the suppliers and the distribution centres, together with the warehousing at each distribution centre, the ordering and the delivery to restaurants of all food, packaging and operating supplies. To improve its logistics operation, McDonalds combines a number of food-processing plants dedicated to its operation only. The establishment of â€Å"food towns† consisting of a distribution centre and a bakery, a meat plant, a sauce plant and a chicken plant, gives McDonalds competitive advantage. The supporting activities that can be identified are procurement, human resources development and technology. McDonalds uses electronic procurement system. It had set logistics trends for restaurants with its online ordering system. It was noted that more than 12% of McDonalds franchisees ordered food supplier electronically. Revamping its supply chain with software and technology made it easy to respond quickly and efficiently to customers needs. With the online ordering system, McDonalds had a return on investment of 23.2% in 2008. However, the human resource development at McDonalds is excellent. McDonalds uses a high-engagement approach to improving both their operations, leadership pipeline and employee satisfaction with their career growth. Every management staff at McDonalds receives training at one of the regional training centres and at the national centre, Hamburger University in East Finchley. Training all employees to work in one best way (quick-service culture) made McDo nalds to gain customers loyalty continuously leading to a competitive advantage. 2.1.3 External Anlaysis PEST analysis is applied for an in depth understanding of macro environment in fast food industry where McDonalds operated. Kotler (1998) claims that PEST analysis is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. POLITICAL The operations of McDonalds are affected by the government policies on the regulations of fast food operation. Currently government are controlling the marketing of fast food restaurant because of health concern such as cardiovascular and cholesterol issue and obesity among the young and children in the country. Governments also control the license given for open the fast food restaurant and other business regulation need to follow such as for a franchise business. Good relationship with government in giving mutual benefits such as employment and tax is a must for the company to succeed in any foreign market. McDonalds should also protect its workers by ensuring all the hiring, compensation, training or repatriation is according to UK and European Labour Law and the Middle Eastern Labour Laws as stipulated. ECONOMICS As a business entity, McDonalds need to face a lot of economic variables outside its company or its macro environment. Dealing with international sourcing for its material McDonalds should be aware on the global supply and currencies exchange. Remember, McDonalds import most of its raw material such as beef and potatoes due to local market cannot supply in abundant to meet the demand of its product. Any upside of currencies especially dollar will be impacting its cost of purchase. Working on the local country, McDonalds must face government regulations on tax of profit where it gains from the operation and other tax such as entertainment and restaurant service tax. Each country may have different scale or types of tax available and McDonalds should follow the regulation if it wants to continue the operation. As a franchise, McDonalds should also pay certain percentage of the revenue to the parent company in United States. The economic condition and growth of the country also is an important indicator to the demand of products that McDonalds offered. As the food priced slightly above normal foods, not many people will have the income range to consume the products. Moreover if the economy is bad and income percapita is affected, the demand of McDonalds product will certainly going down. On the other hand the good economy also means disposable income is more and people can spend more on more expensive food at fast food restaurant. SOCIAL/CULTURAL The changing lifestyles of Malaysia due to development of Malaysian economy should be also taking into consideration. While more people are able financially to eat at more expensive outlet such as fast food restaurant, they have higher expectation. They want to have quality in services and more conveniences that can differentiate one restaurant from another. Young urban consumers want technology in their life and facilities such as credit card payment, wireless internet, cozy and relaxing ambient place, and other attraction for their hangout and eating. All these needs should also be taken into consideration. There is not much difference between cultural and the purchase of products in a single country but for different countries cultural sensitivity should be upheld. For example in India people (Hindu) do not take beef, Muslim countries do not take pork, German like beers, Finnish like fish type of food menu, Chinese like to associate food with something good (for ex ample prosperity), Asian like rice and Americans eat in big-sized menu. So far McDonalds has shown good efforts in localization of its menu to suit local taste but it should constantly survey and learn about local culture to better understand and design the best product for them. TECHNOLOGY For a fast food restaurant, technology does not give a very high impact on the company and it is not a significant macro environment variables. However McDonalds should be looking to competitors innovation and improve itself in term of integrating technology in managing its operation. For example in inventory system, supply chain management system to manage its supply, easy payment and ordering systems for its customers and wireless internet technology. Implementation of technology can make the management more effective and cost saving in the long term. This will also make customer happy if cost savings results in price reduction or promotional campaign discount which will benefits them from time to time. LEGAL As a certified fast food operator, there are many regulations and procedures that McDonalds should follow. For example is the Halal certification that becomes a concern to Muslim consumers. McDonalds should protect its integrity and consumer confidence by ensuring all materials and process are as claimed or must followed. Other legal requirement that the business owner should follow as stipulated in laws are such as operating hours, business registration, tax requirement, labor and employment laws and quality environment certification (such as ISO) in which the outlet has been certified. The legal requirement is important because the offenders will be fined or have their business prohibited from operating which can be disastrous. ENVIRONMENT As one of world largest consumer of beef, potatoes and chicken, McDonalds always had been critics for world environmentalist. This is because high consumption of beef causing the green house effect by methane gasses coming from the cows ranch. Large scale plantation has effect the environment and lost of green forest opening for plantation activities. Vegetarian environmentalist criticizes the fast-food giant for cruelty to animals and slaughtering. In Japan, once McDonalds want to introduce whale burger causing uproar because whales are endangered species. Before using paper packaging, once McDonalds also had been criticized for being insensitive to pollution because using polystyrene based packaging for its foods. Imagine millions of people purchase from fast food operator and how is the impact to world environment by throwing away those hard to recycle packaging. Our world is getting concern on environment issue and business operating here should not just care for prof it, but careful usage of world resources for sustainable development and care for environment safety and health for our future generation. Critics and concern from all public or activist should be review and support if necessary to ensure we play our social responsibility better. 2.2 Market Position McDonalds is operating in a very competitive market. In order to maintain on the top position of the competition, it is important to understand the companys industry environment to be prepared for actions. Porters 5 Forces is a useful model for analysing the industry environment, it identifies five competitive forces that shape every single industry and market. Supplier Power If suppliers have strong bargaining power, competitive pressure will be greater (Pearce and Robinson, 2004). McDonalds works in partnership with most of their suppliers to protect the quality of their foods and minimise the bargaining power of suppliers. Buyer Power Consumers buying power in the food market is high. With the continuously changes in tastes and the increased concern in healthy eating, companies in the food market has to make changes and improvements to satisfy its customers. Otherwise there is a high possibility in getting bad publicity and lost in profit. Threat of Substitute The threat of substitute is high in the fast food market due to the strong competition and the increasing amount of ready to eat foods. Customers have many choices other than McDonalds, and ready to eat meals are cheaper and convenient. Competition The competition in the fast food market is very high. McDonalds has to compete with strong competitors like Burger King, Pizza Hut, Wendy and KFC. Threat of Entry The threat of new entrant is low in the fast food industry because of the amount of competition with the big players in the market. New entrants will not likely to win due to lack ok economic of scale. The fast food industry is highly competitive. Taking one step further from the internal analysis, in this chapter, external analysis was done so as to determine where McDonalds I positioned in the market, given the intensive rivalry. PESTLE is used to gather data for completion of this analysis. From the data using PESTLE, swot analysis is done to determine how McDonalds strong market position as the largest foodservice and fast-food retailing chain in the world is bolstered by robust all-round growth witnessed by the company. By analyzing PEST and SWOT an understanding of overall of the companys power and how it can grow, is established. This was done keeping the focus on Western European Market and the Middle east. Hence the impact of European Regulations and turbulence caused by ter rorism and Iraq war is also taken as a significant point as part of analysis. Porters five forces model is used as the tool to analyse the market competition in the European and the middle east market. The existing rivalry in the industry is already strong although McDonalds is in a dominant market position. The above analysis helps to conclude MCDonalds competitive advantage and its uniqueness to gain broad target in the aforementioned markets. 2.3 : Marketing Strategy and Mix Every organisations need to identify their strategic aims to be able to have a direct focus of what and when to achieve it within a given time. This is usually based on the organisations limited resources and capabilities. As (Barney 1991), â€Å"stated an organisation could extend their limited resources and capabilities through organisational learning, sharing, generation of knowledge, redeployment of existing resources in an effective and efficient ways†. In this section, the strategic aim of McDonalds is discussed. This is used for evaluating the way it has implemented its objectives and the effectiveness of the global and local marketing strategies. This was important to fully understand its market and environment in order to evaluate its right marketing plans and the adopted strategies. After analysing the market and environment of McDonalds, this chapter focuses on the plans and strategies adopted by the company to overcome its weaknesses and avoid the threats. It uses various survey results to determine the effectiveness of its marketing mix. In the year 2003, when, McDonalds had been having problems on losing market share, reducing profit and bad publicity, the company started aligning their global system around a common mission with a common set of customer focused goal oriented actions. It was called â€Å"McDonalds Plan to Win† which was to put the companys concentration on the five drivers of exceptional customer experiences Product, People, Place, Promotion and Price. This plan was aimed to increase profits by improving its services to increase customers. These 5 variables are also known as the Retail Marketing Mix or the 5 Ps. They are the variables that marketing managers can control in order to best satisfy customers in the target market. This cha pter discusses and evaluates the way McDonalds has established its revitalisation plan in the European and the Middle East markets. While doing the research on the five Ps, McDonalds relationship marketing is also examined, that is viewed as an asset and the companys marketing goal is to attract, maintain, and enhance customer relationships. Then there is an argument on whether the combination of five Ps with the relationship marketing is enough to stay on the competition or is there any other areas to be focussed as well. In the aspect of marketing sales McDonalds adopted the concept of 7ps of marketing mix formulated by McCarthy (1975) and Gilligan Fifield (1996). These 7ps includes; product, place, price, promotion, people, process, physical. With these 7ps McDonalds was able to create a uniformity of items that taste the same in different countries. McDonalds realises that although there is cost savings in standardisation but success can be achieved by being able to adapt to a specific environment. It has a pricing strategy that enables it to cope with a particular market. In setting price, McDonalds looks at the elasticity of demand for its product in response to price. Considering the diverse range of culture, custom in different countries, McDonalds has localised its marketing communication strategy using different promotion and advertisement. For instance McDonalds uses the England footballer Alan Shearer as a logo to advertise its hamburgers in the UK and in France its uses Fabien Barthez, t he French international goalkeeper. Obviously, McDonalds uses a number of styles to attract customers. After analysing the market and environment of McDonalds, this chapter will be focusing on the plans and strategies adopted by the company to overcome its weaknesses and avoid the threats. In the past few years, McDonalds has been having problems on losing market share, reducing profit and bad publicity. In the year 2003, the company have aligned their global system around a common mission with a common set of customer focused goal oriented actions. It is called â€Å"McDonalds Plan to Win† which was to put the companys concentration on the five drivers of exceptional customer experiences Product, People, Place, Promotion and Price. This plan was aimed to increase profits by improving its services to increase customers. These 5 variables are also known as the Retail Marketing Mix or the 5 Ps. They are the variables that marketing managers can control in order to best satisfy customers in the target market. (Please refer to appendix 2 for further information on the 5 Ps) Product The following are the strategies applied by McDonalds on their Products: To satisfy customers desire for premium products at affordable prices. More choices on the Happy Meal such as fruit options and milk for the kids. To address the desire for foods that fit into todays lifestyle. McDonalds has added new choices like meal-size salads, fruit options and sandwiches in order to fit the increased concern on health eating. McDonalds is controlling the quality of the foods by working in partnership with its suppliers and to work closely with food experts to ensure the quality is in the highest standard. People The following are the marketing strategies adopted by McDonalds on its People: Speeding up service by simplifying the restaurant environment for their staff and customers. Ensuring the restaurant staffs are focused on being friendly, as well as fast with hospitality training. Providing cost-efficient, relevant training for their world-wide workforce. There are more than 1.6 million people worldwide working for McDonalds. McDonalds has placed emphasis on the training and development of its employees, aiming to provide career opportunities for people to achieve their potential. McDonalds has five commitments to their employees, which are: Respect and Recognition Values and Leadership Behaviours Competitive Pay and Benefits Learning, Development and Personal Growth Resources to Get the Job Done Place McDonalds has over 30,000 restaurants in 119 countries. It opens in places where has high consumer flows such as high street, shopping malls, train station, airports, retail parks, gas stations, and even schools. Freestanding restaurants are positioned so that customers are never more than a few minutes away by foot in the city or by car. The following are McDonalds strategies on Place: To make the environment the gold standard for cleanliness. They have recalibrated their standards and are consistently enforcing them. McDonalds has added additional service to customers by providing Wi-Fi accessibility in some of the restaurants so customers can stay connected to the internet while enjoying their foods. Giving customers more reasons to visit McDonalds by adding more products offering such as coffee and to locate in the right place. Relocating, renovating and rebuilding some of the restaurants to give McDonalds a fresh edge. Promotion Every year McDonalds spent huge amount of money on promotion. The company has been trying to maximise the impact of the advertising spending and broaden their reach through public relations and by placing adverts in media well beyond the traditional prime-time network television format. The objective of spending so much money on promotion is to build brand loyalty and bonds of trust. The following are the strategies: The new creative brand direction â€Å"Im Lovin It!† is designed to connect with customers around the world, especially young adults, moms and kids. It has became McDonalds signature brand voice in 119 countries, generating awareness figures as high as 96% in some parts of the world. Appealing to young adults with relevant advertising. McDonalds is bringing top creative teams from around the world to gather ideas, study trends and find inspiration to create world-class advertising. Price McDonalds has a rigorous pricing process that is used to determine the price for that particular market in each country. The reason is to be able to offer affordable prices to customers and also to be profitable for the company. The following are the process which sets out the basic framework that allows the company to set localised pricing: Selecting the price objective Determining demand Estimating costs Analysing competitors costs, prices and offers Selecting a pricing method Selecting a final price (www.mcdonalds.com) 2.4 : Performance Measurement Quality is an important issue in services due to the features of inseparability, intangibility and perishability. That which can not be stored and is intangible cannot be checked for defects before ‘delivery to customers. In addition each individual involved in the exchange process brings with them varying levels of expectations and levels of satisfaction in addition to the unpredictable nature of human beings. It is this dominant role of human interaction in services that shape customers expectations and create difficulties in understanding and implementing quality initiatives (Behara Gundersen (2001)). Officially McDonalds names three elements in their strategy to be the worlds best quick service restaurant: People (being the best employer), Customers (providing them excellence) and System Growth (for owners/operators, suppliers and company). ‘McDonalds has always been a franchising Company and has relied on its franchisees to play a major role in its success. McDonalds remains committed to franchising as a predominant way of doing business. Approximately 70% of McDonalds worldwide restaurant businesses are owned and operated by independent businessmen and women, our franchisees. Usually, McDonalds offers franchises to poor performing restaurants in order to sustain profitability. Advertising is used to differentiate McDonalds products from competitors and as a means of branding: Advertising Spend in 2001 amounted to  £39m (KFC:  £14m, Burger King:  £8.6m, Pizza Hut:  £7.4m). Furthermore, McDonalds is involved in various high profile sponsorship schemes (e.g. major Sponsor of FIFA World Cup, ‘gold sponsor and official restaurant of the Olympic Games) that secures them favourable PR. Recently McDonalds acquired Boston Market Chicken restaurants, the Donatos pizza chain and Chipotle Mexican Grill. In the UK, it purchased the Aroma coffee chain and 33% of Pret A Manger. This demonstrates that McDonalds has diversified into other segments of the fast food/ convenience /take away market. McDonalds is the worlds largest food service organisation. It has the greatest market share of the breakfast, lunch and dinner market and holds 67% of the UK Burger Market. McDonalds golden arches are the worlds biggest brand with higher awareness than Coca-Cola. McDonalds is constantly introducing new products, usually for a limited period of time. This is because management recognise that consumers like variety as well as a continuation of good products such as Big Macs and Cheeseburgers. Also, they are well aware that if McDonalds has too many products running at the same time then the speed of customer service will deteriorate. However, McDonalds has not introduced healthier products in response to growing concerns about obesity. It is difficult to evaluate the extent to which McDonalds fulfils customers demands. In the 2001 consumer survey conducted by Sandelman Associates, McDonalds was ranked as last out of 60 chains for taste. Statistics that describe McDonalds cleanliness are not available and therefore the achievement of this objective is difficult to examine, but anecdotal evidence suggests that suitable policies are in place to meet that objective. Customer service quality is difficult to assess but it is renowned for being quick. 2.5 : Ethical Criticism Ethical behaviour has come up as one of the most important aspect of any organisation. By ‘Doing the right thing internally and externally, businesses created a good working atmosphere, while also benefiting society and the environment. However many ethical issues are subjective and based on ones values and beliefs. As a result, they are often difficult to enforce and easy to neglect. The result of this is that ‘when the costs are added up, the social balance sheet contains enormous debts to society (McEwan, 2001). This chapter discusses the ethical issues that McDonalds have been facing over a period of time and how effectively it addressing its corporate social responsibility. The 2008 corporate social responsibility report has been critically evaluated and based on that it is determined, whether much of its efforts are just descriptive or has been realistic. It uses various results from the data set based on the primary and secondary research to determine the effectives. It is the notion of an organizations ‘debts to society, which led to the branch of ethics known as ‘corporate social responsibility. This refers to ‘the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic expectations placed on organizations by society at a given point in time (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2000). This theory of responsibility to society is based around two headings, stated by Wells (1998). Social Responsibility deals with ‘the purposes for which companies should act (Wells, 1998), and Corporate Responsibility is the ‘liability attached to a company for actions done in its name (Wells, 1998). On 2002, McDonalds published its first Corporate Responsibility Report and this was followed up with an updated version in 2004. Neverthless many critics of McDonalds still believe that this, like many Corporate Responsibility Reports, is simply a medley of generalities and assumptions, that do not provide hard metrics of the company, its activities or its impacts on society and the environment (Hawken, 2002), and is ‘peripheral to the core interests of an organization (Strategic Direction, 2002). Consequentially, there is a need to analyse the claims made towards McDonalds, and whether they have been resolved within the two Corporate Responsibility Report. The incident which has done the most damage to McDonalds ethical reputation was the ‘McLibel trial, where the company expected a quick conclusion to its action against activists who had distributed a pamphlet, Whats Wrong with McDonalds?. Instead it ran for two and a half years and became the longest ever English trial , upon its completion in June 1997 (McSpotlight.org: The McLibel Trial, 2005). One of the main ethical criticisms consistently faced by McDonalds over the last 30 years relates to the food offered in its stores. Critics claim that McDonalds is a major contributing factor to the ver-increasing levels of obesity in the UK and European countries. Medical studies show that ‘waistlines are expanding faster in the UK than in any other European country†¦with 1 in 5 adults dangerously overweight (Walsh, 2003), while in 2001 it was reported that 300,000 deaths a year in the U.S. are related to obesity compared to 400,000 through cigarette smoking (McMans Depression and Bipolar Weekly, 2004). McDonalds contribution is a result of the unhealthy nature of fast food. For example, a meal of a Big Mac and medium fries would provide you with ‘910 calories, as well as 46g of fat, 13g of which are saturated (McDonalds.com, 2005). Considering the fact that this is half the Recommended Daily Allowance for a female adult, it is clear that McDonalds does not meet U. S. dietary requirements. Apart from obesity, ‘diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and some forms of cancer are related to a diet high in fat, saturated fat, salt and sugar (Inside the McLibel trial, 1995). The impacts of a McDonalds diet were clearly shown in Morgan Spurlocks controversial film ‘Super Size Me, where he ate nothing but McDonalds for one month. Although this was an extreme example, the impacts on Spurlock were dramatic. ‘Spurlock gained 25 pounds, raised his cholesterol by 60 points, dropped his libido and turned his liver into pate (McMans Depression and Bipolar Weekly, 2004). He also experienced headaches and depression, and actually became addicted to the products. The impact of a McDonalds diet on children is also a major ethical concern, as an increasing number of children are faced with obesity problems. ‘Every month, 90 percent of the children between 3 and 9 in America visit a McDonalds (Schlosser, 2001). McDonalds has been cri ticised for exploiting children with advertising. They have traditionally aimed themselves towards children with collectable toys in ‘Happy Meals, as well as colorful advertising campaigns and promotions in schools. Most criticized is the use of the Ronald McDonald clown character, which has been seen as a ‘cynical exploitation of children to use a clown to drum up business (Inside the McLibel trial, 1995). These marketing tactics contribute to the increasing unhealthy diet of many children. Stakeholders in a corporation may not only be human because animals are also seen as an important part of society and deserve the same treatment as humans. McDonalds has been criticized for the way it treats animals before they are killed and turned into fast food. ‘The corporation is the worlds largest promoter of meat-based products, the largest user of beef and the second largest user of chicken (McSpotlight.org: McDonalds and Animals, 2005), and thus is faced with the usual claims aimed at slaughterhouses. It is claimed that ‘chickens were crammed into sheds with less than one square foot of space per bird and no daylight (Inside the McLibel trial, 1995). As a result, ‘44% had leg abnormalities and other health problems (Inside the McLibel trial, 1995). This treatment was not just reserved for chicken but also other animals involved in McDonalds fast food products. 40% of piglets were held in indoor breeding units, and half had tails docked for no apparent reason (Inside the McLibel trial, 1995). Ethical criticism is also aimed at the methods for killing the animals. ‘14% of chickens received pre-stun shocks, which caused undue stress, while 1% (1,350 per day) were decapitated before being stunned (Inside the McLibel trial, 1995). As well as social ethical issues, corporations must also consider environmental ethics, which means treating natural resources not just as commodities, but as part of the ecological whole. It is important because it affects the image of the company and consumers perceptions. For example, ‘a Wall Street Journal poll in 1991 claimed that 53% of people avoided purchasing a product because of environmental concerns about a product or manufacturer (Hawken, 2002). The most famous environmental issue is the suggestion that McDonalds has destroyed hundreds of acres of Brazilian rainforest to make way for large-scale cattle ranching. This not only removes a valuable natural resource, but also has an impact on global warming, as the rainforest is an essential mechanism for the absorption of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere. McDonalds also ‘annually produces over a million tons of packaging used for just a few minutes before being discarded (McSpotlight.org: Environment, 2005). Traditionally a number of ozone depleting gasses were used in polystyrene foam packaging. In the 21st century, McDonalds uses almo